![]() The power sources such as flowing water, steam, manpower, weight, spring, or rolling wheels are applied. The materials that were used in those automata are mainly metals or woods. People tried to simulate the sounds of animals or music instruments through mechanical systems since the antiquity, and a lot of automata were invented during the past thousands of years. ![]() This kind of automata can be traced back to long time ago. The music-playing automata are mechanical devices that act or sound automatically, and any operation or extra force is not required for their task of entertainment. Finally, seven ancient automata are analyzed as illustrative examples from the viewpoint of mechanism design for these analysis and classification. These music-playing automata are analyzed in four main units, namely power system, music generator, transmission and mechanical puppets. Moreover, the mechanical music generators are also classified into wind, percussion, strings instruments and the steel music comb according to their composition. The functional mechanical design parameters are arranged based on the four fundamental music characteristics as pitch, duration, intensity and timbre. ![]() In this article, a timeline of the ancient literature in both western and eastern countries is arranged to clarify the historical development of music-playing automata. ![]() They are documented and/or preserved in many countries, with solutions that reflect the evolution of mechanical manufacture and technology in these areas. The mechanical music automata have been developed since thousands years ago for mimicking sound of animals or playing a melody. ![]()
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